A cyst is something that can form anywhere on the body and can cause many different types of problems. When it comes to fertility cysts are most commonly found on the ovaries. There can be many cysts that form or there may just be one or two. These cysts can also be as small as the tip of a needle or as big (or bigger in some cases) as a grapefruit.
They Mayo clinic gives a good description of what a cyst is and how they are formed:
“Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets within or on the surface of an ovary. The ovaries are two bilateral organs — each about the size and shape of an almond — located on each side of your uterus. Eggs (ova) develop and mature in the ovaries and are released in monthly cycles during your childbearing years.
Many women have ovarian cysts at some time during their lives. Most ovarian cysts present little or no discomfort and are harmless. The majority of ovarian cysts disappear without treatment within a few months.
However, ovarian cysts — especially those that have ruptured — sometimes produce serious symptoms. The best way to protect your health is to know the symptoms and types of ovarian cysts that may signal a more significant problem, and to schedule regular pelvic examinations.” (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ovarian-cysts/DS00129)
Cysts can affect fertility because they can prevent the ovary from forming fully developed eggs to be released. This can lead to anovulation and infertility.
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